Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects, including the

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable ability to protect delicate skin. This calming element has long been employed in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective characteristics. Forming a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively absorbs harmful sunli